Effective induction of hairy roots in persian poppy [Papaver bracteatum Lindl.] using sonication method

Background: Papaver bracteatum Lindl. Commonly known as Iranian poppy is an important medicinal plant due to the presence of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids

Objective: To evaluate the hairy root culture as a novel method for thebaine production

Methods: To optimize the hairy root culture of P. bracteatum, five strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes [ATCC15834, C318, A13, 9453 and A4] were used by means of Sonication-Assisted Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation [SAAT]

Results: Strain C318 proved to be more efficient than the other strains to hairy root induction ability. Among different experimental conditions, the highest transformation rate [28.5 %] was observed 4 weeks after inoculation, once the explants were subjected to sonication [45 s] following a heat treatment of 41 degree C for 5 min. Transgenic status of the hairy roots was confirmed by PCR using rolB specific primers

Conclusion: Strain C318 proved to be more efficient than the other strains to hairy root induction ability. Among different experimental conditions, the highest transformation rate [28.5 %] was observed 4 weeks after inoculation, once the explants were subjected to sonication [45 s] following a heat treatment of 41 degree C for 5 min. Transgenic status of the hairy roots was confirmed by PCR using rolB specific primers

[Determination of yield components of trigonelline in fenugreek [trigonella foenum-graceum L.] seed based on path analysis and regression]

Trigonelline in fenugreek seed is a valuable medicinal metabolite in reducing blood cholesterol and blood. Determine the most important components of seed yield, percent and yield of seed trigonelline in fenugreek under foliar application and non-application of methanol. The experiment was done a randomized complete block design with two treatments as foliar application of methanol [0 and 30 v/v%] and four replications. Path analysis and stepwise regression were used in order to denote the most important effective traits on seed yield, percent and yield of seed trigonelline in fenugreek. The results showed that 1000-seeds weight and number of branches per plant for seed yield; total dry weight and number of pods per plant for percent of seed trigonelline; seed yield and percent of seed trigonelline for yield of seed trigonelline in the non-application of methanol, and also, the number of seeds per pod, percent of seed oil, number of pods per plant and plant height for seed yield; leaf dry weight, shoot trigonelline and geometric mean diameter of seed for percent of seed trigonelline and seed yield; percent of seed trigonelline and pod length for yield of seed trigonelline in foliar application of methanol [30 v/v%] treatment significantly justified changes related to the dependent variables. Path analysis of dependent variables showed that the yield of seed trigonelline by direct positive effect of seed yield and the percent of seed trigonelline were the most important yield components of seed trigonelline. Generally, the results indicate that seed yield and percent of seed trigonelline can be used for increasing of yield of seed trigonelline in the breeding of fenugreek

[Response of quantity and quality yield of valerian [Valeriana officinalis L.] to application of phosphorous bio/chemical fertilizers]

Since phosphorus is the vital nutrient for plants, the evaluation of phosphorous fertilizers effects on yield and quality of valerian is necessary. In this research the effect of phosphorus solubilization bacterias as bio-fertilizers and phosphorous chemical fertilizer on quantity and quality yield of valerian was studied. This study conducted in the research farm of Institute of Medicinal Plants [IMP] through a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Factors of experiment included the inoculation bio-fertilizers factor in four levels: Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, mix of both and control [without inoculation], and also the phosphorous chemical fertilizer factor as super phosphate triple in three levels: 0, 50 and 100 kg ha[-1]. The bio-fertilizers using had a significant effect [p

review on pharmacological, cultivation and biotechnology aspects of milk thistle [Silybum marianum [L.] Gaertn]

Milk thistle [Silybum marianum, [L.] Gaertn.] is one of the valuable medicinal plants which used in the treatment of liver disorders. The major active constituents in this plant are flavonolignans, collectively known as silymarin which is a mixture of three isomer silybin, silydianin and silycristin. Its therapeutic properties are due to the presence of silymarin. The seeds contain the highest amount of silymarin, but the other plant parts have less amount of this compound. The silymarin content in fruits depends on milk thistle variety and geographic and climatic condition. In this review, we summarized the accomplished investigations on aspects of medicinal, cultivation, biology and biotechnology of milk thistle

[Trigonelline alkaloid, a valuable medicinal metabolite plant]

Trigonelline is an alkaloid composition that involved hormone role in plants. This metabolite is synthesized by methylation of nicotinic acid in plant and is found in several plants species, including coffee, fenugreek, soybean, pea, alfalfa and etc. This alkaloid is claimed to have anticarcinogenic, antimigraine, antiseptic, hypocholesterolemic, and hypoglycemic activities. Several studies has indicated that trigonelline inhibit the major enzymes of glucose metabolism thus decrease the blood glucose level. Based on this, trigonelline metabolite may be cause of a new production drug for the management and treatment of diabetes. Trigonelline was identified as a leaf-closing factor in a nyctinastic plant, a signal in the response to oxidative stress in plants, an osmoregulator in response to drought and salt stress, a molecule promoting cell arrest in G2, and an inducer of nod genes during colonization of root legumes

[Determination of seed and oil yield and yield components in two variety of milk thistle [silybum marianum gaetrn.] based on path analysis and regression]

Silybum marianum Gatrn. [Family: Asteraceae] is an annual or biennial plant, native to the Mediterranean area, which has spread in North and South of Iran. The seeds contain high amount of oil [20 - 35%] which exhibits wound-healing, anti-burn, and hepatoprotective properties. Determine the most seed yield components and oil yield in milk thistle. This research was conducted using two genotypes of milk thistle [Ahvaz wild type and Germany] in a randomized complete block design with four replications, to evaluate the most seed yield components and oil yield. Initially, oil and seed yield [dependent variable] separately determined for any variety using stepwise regression analysis. In Ahvas type, seed yield and oil percent for oil yield, and capitulum diameter for seed yield whereas, in Germany type, number of capitulum for seed yield and seed yield for oil yield justified variation related to dependent variable significantly. Regression analysis represented seed yield is affected by capitulum diameter and number, and secondary metabolites of seed [R[2]=98.16] and oil yield is justified by oil percent and seed active constituents and yield [R[2]=99.91]. The path analysis revealed that direct and positive effect number of capitulum [0.49], diameter of main capitulum [0.41] and oil percent [0.1] and direct and negative effect of active ingredient silymarin, are important components of oil yield. In general, this result showed that for increasing of seed and oil yield can be used from capitulum diameter and number and oil percent in medicinal plant breeding of milk thistle

[Evaluation of phytochemical yield of thyme [thymus vulgaris L.] under foliar application of hydroalcohols]

Thyme [Thymus vulgaris L.] is an aromatic and medicinal plant of Lamiaceae family which cultivated in different region of Iran. Evaluation of methanol and ethanol spraying effects on dry matter and phytochemical yield of thyme [Thymus vulgaris L.]. This study was done in a randomized complete block design with three replications and eleven treatments in the research farm of ACECR - Institute of Medicinal Plants in Karaj, Iran. The treatments were: control [without spray], ethanol solutions with 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% [v/v] and methanol solutions with 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% [v/v]. The volatile oil was extracted by hydrodistillation using Clevenger-type apparatus then after it was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The results showed that the foliar application of hydro-alcohols treatments had significant effect [p<0.01] on all studied parameters. The highest dry matter yield was obtained at methanol 30% and ethanol 20%. Also, the highest yield of oil, thymol and carvacrol was observed at 20% methanol, 10 and 20% ethanol, respectively. Foliar application of methanol and ethanol increased the yield of dry matter and content of volatile oil, thymol and carvacrol

[ review on pharmacological and agronomical properties of senna [cassia angustifolia vahl.]]

Cassia angustifolia Vahl. is a valuable medicinal plant and drought-resistant shrub belonging to Caesalpinaceae that, in general, known as senna. The origin of this plant is Saudia Arabia and Somalia where it has naturalized in India. The leaves and pods contain two anthraquinones: Sennoside 'A' and 'B', which are extensively used as a laxative in pharmaceutical industry. The plant also contains rhein, chrysophenol, emodin and aloe-emodin. Besides being an excellent laxative, senna is also used as a febrifuge in splenic enlargements, anaemia, typhoid, cholera, biliousness, jaundice, gout, rheumatism, tumours, and bronchitis. This study reviewed the most important chemical constituents in senna and its therapeutic properties